Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices

Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers are regarded as one of the environmental contaminants in addition to necessity for fossil sources their production. Conversely, it is impossible neglect supply needed essential ingredients plant function. For organic agriculture, crucial use alternative fertilizer management reduce harmful impacts and production costs chemical fertilizers. In a one-year pot experiment, nitrate (NO?3) leaching efficiency wheat were examined relation biochar (B) mixed with urea (U), legume residues (L), azocompost (A), which represent chemical, green, biological N-fertilizers, respectively. Control (no biochar, no fertilizer), U (46 kg ha?1), A (5 t L B (10 UB, AB, LB experimental treatments. Grain yield was enhanced by 337% 312% UB UL, The produced highest grain N yield, rise 8.8 times over control. had N-use efficiency, an increase 149% N-harvest index N-recovery obtained using LB, values 91 70 %, Nitrate occurred following order: > ? AB B. Nitrogen retained extensive specific surface when N-fertilizers used conjunction them. This not only improves N-efficiency but also minimizes loss through leaching. Additionally, soil can benefit from leguminous similar way terms increasing particularly combined biochar.